Studies involving cellulose as a polymer material for LB preparation are limited only one previous study attempted application of nano-porous nitrocellulose LB for wound healing, and presented the physicochemical properties and therapeutic effects on cutaneous wound healing in an ICR model ( 10). 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate is the most common polymer for preparing LB applied to cornea, sclera, eyelid skin grafts, and mucous membrane grafts during socket reconstruction, and for temporary treatment of myopathic blepharoptosis after botulinum toxin injection ( 15– 19). Extensive preparations of liquid bandage (LB) using various other polymers have been used, including polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethyl cellulose, pyroxylin/nitrocellulose, poly (methylacrylate-isobutene-monoisopropylmaleate), and acrylate or siloxane polymers ( 13). In humans, it stimulates the skin wound repair by retaining an adequate moisture balance and protecting the wound from infections ( 10, 14). LB is a chemical mixture which forms a thin polymeric layer on the skin this characteristic has found a use as a topical skin treatment for minor cuts and sores ( 13). However, very little is known about the possibility of LB prepared with cellulose powders originating from the different natural sources such as marine animals and plants. Cellulose membranes have especially been applied in medical devices such as dialysis machines and biosensors, while bioadhesive cellulose gels have an application in bone tissue engineering and connective tissue formation ( 12). Furthermore, no special treatments are required for eliminating risk factors such as immune response and viral risk, which are observed after chitosan treatment ( 8– 11). Due to its white fiber-like structure, no odor and a density of ~1.5, cellulose and its derivatives are commonly used as drug coating materials, blood coagulants, artificial kidney membranes, antitumor drugs, blood-compatible materials, and supports for immobilized enzymes ( 3– 7). Overall, the results of the present study suggest that BSLB accelerates the process of wound healing in surgical skin wounds of Sprague Dawley rats through stimulation of re-epithelialization and connective tissue formation, without any accompanying significant toxicity.Ĭellulose, composed of repeating glucose units connected by β-( 1, 4)-glycosidic bonds, is one of the most abundant among the many natural polymers and is one of the major organic compounds found in plant cell walls ( 1, 2). No liver or kidney toxicities were detected for either doses of BSLB. Furthermore, significant stimulation in the expression level of collagen-1 and the signaling pathway of VEGF after topical application of BSLB was indicated. In addition, the BSLB-treated group showed significantly enhanced width of the re-epithelialization region and epidermal thickness when compared with the Vehicle-treated group. Results indicated that the total area of skin involved in the surgical wound was lower in the BSLB-treated group compared with the Vehicle-treated group at days 4–12, although some variations were observed in the HiBSLB-treated group. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a liquid bandage (LB) prepared with cellulose powders from Styela clava tunics (SCT) and Broussonetia kazinoki bark (BSLB) for healing cutaneous wounds, the remedial effects of a low concentration (LoBSLB) and a high concentration (HiBSLB) of BSLB on skin regeneration and toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Cellulose in different forms has extensively been applied in biomedical treatments, including scaffolding, tissue engineering and tissue formation.
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